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Amenorrhea Anatomy of the Female Pelvic Area Breast Conditions Breast Self-Examination Bulimia Nervosa in Adolescents Chronic Illness and Transplantation Issues and the Adolescent Delayed Puberty Determining Body Mass Index for Teens Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty Heart-Healthy Eating Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia) Juvenile Dermatomyositis Learning Disorders Mood Disorders in Children and Adolescents Normal Breast Development Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children

Oppositional Defiant Disorder Overview of the Male Anatomy Pap Test for Adolescents Physical Examination: Adolescent Male Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children Precocious Puberty (Early Puberty) Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Puberty: Adolescent Female Puberty: Adolescent Male Safer Sex Guidelines for Adolescents Schizophrenia in Children Separation Anxiety Disorder Smoking The Growing Child: Adolescent (13 to 18 Years) Vulvitis Weight Management and Adolescents

Allergic Rhinitis Anaphylaxis Angioedema Asthma in children Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) Contact Dermatitis Egg Allergies Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES)

Hives IgE-Mediated Food Allergies Lactose Intolerance in Children Latex Allergy Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS) Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection) Peanut Allergies Sinusitis in Children Soy Allergies

Adjustment Disorders Anxiety Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Bipolar Disorder in Adolescents Bulimia Nervosa in Adolescents Conduct Disorder Depression and Anxiety in Children with Chronic Health Conditions Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children Major Depression in Children Mood Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children Oppositional Defiant Disorder Pediatric Traumatic Stress Phobias in Children and Adolescents Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children Psychosis School Functioning Issues in Children with Chronic Health Conditions Separation Anxiety Disorder Temper Tantrums Trauma and Stressor-related Disorders in Children

Ambiguous Genitalia Bedwetting (Nocturnal Enuresis) Bladder Exstrophy Care of the Uncircumcised Penis Cloacal Exstrophy Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Daytime Wetting (Urinary Incontinence) Duplex Kidney Ectopic Ureter Epididymal Cyst and Spermatocele Epididymitis Epispadias Glomerulonephritis in Children Hematuria Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children Horseshoe Kidney Hydrocele Hydrocele and Hernia Hydronephrosis/Urinary Tract Dilation Hypospadias Inguinal Hernia Kidney Stones in Children Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO) Meatal Stenosis Megaureter Micropenis Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

Nephrotic Syndrome in Children Neurogenic Bladder Nutrition and Nephrotic Syndrome Penile Adhesions Phimosis Polycystic Kidney Disease Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV) Prune Belly Syndrome Renal Failure in Children Retractile Testicles Rhabdomyosarcoma Testicular Torsion Torsion of the Appendix Testis and Appendix Epididymis Undescended Testes Ureterocele Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) Obstruction Ureterovesical Junction (UVJ) Obstruction Urethral Prolapse Urethral Stricture Urethrorrhagia Urinary Frequency Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Urinary Tract and Kidney Infections during Pregnancy Varicocele Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) Wilms Tumor (Kidney Tumor)

Alpha Thalassemia Anemia Anemia in Pregnancy Aplastic Anemia Arteriovenous Malformations Beta Thalassemia (Cooley's Anemia) Capillary Vascular Malformations: Port Wine Stains Diamond-Blackfan Anemia Fanconi Anemia Hemolytic Anemia Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Hemophilia Hyperbilirubinemia and Jaundice Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Iron Deficiency Anemia Kostmann's Syndrome

Megaloblastic Anemia Myelodysplastic Syndrome Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Pyogenic Granulomas Shwachman Diamond Syndrome Sickle Cell Disease Spider Angiomas Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius Syndrome Vascular Anomalies Vascular malformations Vascular malformations: Combinations and syndromes Vasculitis Venous Malformations Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn) Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)

ACL tear and injury in children and teens Acetabular Dysplasia Achondroplasia Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Children Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome (AMPS) Aneurysmal bone cyst Anterior knee pain in children and teens Avascular necrosis Back pain in children and adolescents Bone metastasis Branchial Cleft Abnormalities Broken Forearm C1 atlas spine injury C2 axis spine injury Calcaneovalgus Foot Camptodactyly Cavus Foot Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy foot disorders Cerebral palsy gait disorders Cerebral palsy hip disorders Cerebral palsy spinal disorders Chondroblastoma Chondromyxoid fibroma Chondrosarcoma Clinodactyly Congenital Muscular Torticollis Congenital Short Femur Congenital scoliosis Congenital vertical talus Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia Desmoid tumors Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) Diastrophic dysplasia Dislocations Early-onset scoliosis Enchondroma Ewing sarcoma Femoral anteversion Femoroacetabular impingement (hip impingement) Fibrous dysplasia Flat Feet Foot, ankle and toe conditions Friedreich's Ataxia Genetic cervical spine conditions Giant cell tumor of bone Goldenhar syndrome Growth Problems Growth plate injuries Hand fracture Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Hip cartilage tear (labral tear) Idiopathic scoliosis Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Juvenile Osteoporosis Klippel-Feil syndrome Kniest dysplasia

Kyphosis Langerhans cell histiocytosis Larsen syndrome Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease Limb-length discrepancy Lordosis Lower cervical spine injuries: C3-C7 Lyme Disease in Children Macrodactyly Meniscus tear in children and teens (knee injuries) Metatarsus Adductus Morquio syndrome Muscular Dystrophy Neuromuscular scoliosis Nonossifying fibroma Nursemaid's Elbow Oromandibular Limb Hypoplasia Os trigonum syndrome in children and teens Osteoblastoma Osteochondritis dissecans Osteochondroma Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Children Osteoid osteoma Osteomyelitis in children Osteosarcoma (bone cancer in children) Overuse injuries Pediatric Lupus Periosteal chondroma Proximal femoral focal deficiency Pseudoachondroplasia Psoriatic Arthritis in Children Raynaud’s Rhabdomyosarcoma SCN2A-Related Disorders Septic Arthritis Sequelae (Consequence) of Pediatric Hip Disease Sever's disease (calcaneal apophysitis) Skeletal Dysplasias Snapping hip syndrome in children and teens Soft tissue sarcomas Spasticity Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Spinal deformities Spondyloarthritides Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita Stress Fractures in Children and Teens Symbrachydactyly Syndactyly Tarsal Coalition Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome Thoracic, Lumbar and Sacral Spine Injuries Thumb Duplication Thumb Hypoplasia Tibial Torsion Trauma-related Spine Conditions Unicameral Bone Cyst Wrist Fracture

4H Leukodystrophy Acromegaly Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome (AGS) Alexander Disease Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome (AMPS) Anencephaly Arterial Ischemic Stroke (AIS) Brain Abscess CDKL5 deficiency disorder Central Nervous System (CNS) Germ Cell Tumors Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis (CSVT) Cerebral palsy foot disorders Cerebral palsy gait disorders Cerebral palsy hip disorders Cerebral palsy spinal disorders Chiari Malformation Childhood Craniopharyngioma Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Concussion Disorders of the Brain and Nervous System Dravet Syndrome Ectopic Posterior Pituitary Encephalitis in Children Encephalocele Epilepsy in Children Facial Motion Disorders GABRG2-Related Disorders GRIN2B-Related Disorders GRIN2D-Related Disorders Gigantism Guillain-Barre Syndrome in Children Headaches in Children Hemorrhagic Stroke Hydrocephalus

Hyperhidrosis Hypomyelination with Atrophy of the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum (H-ABC) Hypopituitarism in Children Hypothalamic Hamartoma Infantile Spasms Syndrome (West Syndrome) Intraventricular Hemorrhage KCNB1-Related Disorders KCNC1-Related Disorders KCNQ2-Related Epilepsies KCNT1-Related Epilepsy Leukodystrophy Microcephaly Movement disorders in children Moyamoya Disease Myasthenia Gravis Neurocutaneous syndromes in children PCDH19-Epilepsy Panhypopituitarism in Children Pediatric Brain Tumors Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Pediatric Stroke Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) Pituitary Cysts Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome (PTCS) Rett Syndrome SCN2A-Related Disorders SCN3A-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders SCN8A-Related Epilepsy SLC6A1-Related Disorders STXBP1-Related Disorders SYNGAP1-Related Disorders Seizures in Children Spasticity Spina bifida causes, symptoms and treatment Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Tourette Syndrome WDR45-Related Disorders and BPAN

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Airway Tumors Bone metastasis Central Nervous System (CNS) Germ Cell Tumors Chondrosarcoma Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Ewing sarcoma Giant cell tumor of bone Hepatoblastoma (liver cancer) Hodgkin Lymphoma Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) Late Effects of Pediatric Cancer Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Neuroblastoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children Osteosarcoma (bone cancer in children) Pediatric Brain Tumors Pediatric Leukemias Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Retinoblastoma (Eye Cancer in Children) Rhabdomyosarcoma Skin Cancer in Children Soft tissue sarcomas Thyroid Cancer in Children Thyroid Nodules Wilms Tumor (Kidney Tumor)

Acne in Children Ankyloglossia (Tongue Tie) Aphthous Stomatitis Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) Bedwetting (Nocturnal Enuresis) Behavior Changes Birth Injuries Blepharitis Blocked Tear Duct (Dacryostenosis) Breath-Holding Spells in Toddlers Breathing Problems Bruises Bulimia Nervosa in Adolescents Cat Scratch Disease in Children Chronic Otitis Media (COM) Colic and Gas Common Indoor Allergies in Children Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) Constipation Croup Daytime Wetting (Urinary Incontinence) Diaper Dermatitis (Diaper Rash) Diarrhea in Children Failure to Thrive Fever in Healthy Children Fever in a Newborn Fifth Disease Foreign Bodies in the Nose Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Handwashing Headaches in Children Heat-related Illnesses Herpes Simplex Virus/Cold Sores Herpes Zoster (Shingles) Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs) Hyperbilirubinemia and Jaundice Influenza (Flu) in Children

Iron Deficiency Anemia Lactose Intolerance in Children Lice Molluscum Contagiosum Newborn Crying Nightmares and Night Terrors Nosebleeds (Epistaxis) Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear) Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection) Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) Periodontal Disease Pityriasis Rosea in Children Pneumonia in Children Refractive Errors in Children Respiratory Distress Syndrome Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Scarlet Fever Seborrheic Dermatitis (Cradle Cap) Separation Anxiety Signs of Respiratory Distress in Children Sinusitis in Children Skin Color Changes in Newborns Slow or Poor Infant Weight Gain Snoring in Young Children Stomach Bugs in Children Strep Throat Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Sunburn and Children Teething Temper Tantrums Thrush or Candidiasis Tooth Decay (Caries or Cavities) in Children Toothache (Pulpitis) Upper Respiratory Infection (URI or Common Cold) Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Vomiting Wisdom Teeth Extraction in Children

Aphasia Childhood Apraxia of Speech Communication Disorders Resonance Disorders

Speech and Language Development in the Context of Hearing Loss Stuttering Voice Disorders

Apert Syndrome Binder Syndrome Cleft Lip and Palate Complex Cutis Aplasia Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia Craniosynostosis Crouzon Syndrome Deformational Plagiocephaly Dermoid Cyst Encephalocele Facial Motion Disorders Fat Atrophy Fibrous dysplasia Hemifacial Microsomia Hemihyperplasia

Linear Scleroderma Micrognathia Muenke Syndrome Non-syndromic Craniosynostosis Opitz Syndrome Orbital Hypertelorism Oromandibular Limb Hypoplasia Parry-Romberg Syndrome Pfeiffer Syndrome Pierre Robin Syndrome Rare Craniofacial Clefts Syndromic Craniosynostosis Tongue-based Obstruction Treacher Collins Syndrome Van der Woude Syndrome

Abdominal Pain Achalasia Acute Liver Failure Acute Pancreatitis Appendicitis in Children Atresia and Stenosis Autoimmune Enteropathy Autoimmune Hepatitis Bile Acid Synthesis Defects Carbohydrate Malabsorption Celiac Disease Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) Cloacal Exstrophy Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Constipation Crohn's Disease Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease Diarrhea in Children Disorders of Amino Acid Absorption Disorders of Fat Digestion Disorders of Metal Absorption Disorders of Protein Digestion Disorders of Vitamin Absorption Drug-Induced Liver Disease Duplications and Cysts Dysphagia Encopresis Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Esophagitis Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) Functional Abdominal Pain Gallbladder Disease Gallstones Gastritis Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Gastroparesis Gastroschisis

Genetic/Metabolic Diseases of the Liver Growth Problems Hirschsprung's Disease Imperforate Anus/Anorectal Malformation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inguinal Hernia Intestinal Dysmotility Intestinal Malrotation and Volvulus Intussusception Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children Liver Tumors Malabsorption Malnutrition Managing Mucositis in Children Meckel's Diverticulum Meconium Aspiration Meconium Ileus Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steototic Liver Disease (MASLD) Mitochondrial Disease Mitochondrial Hepatopathies Necrotizing Enterocolitis Neonatal Hepatitis Obesity Omphalocele Pancreatic Insufficiency Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Children Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (PFIC) Pyloric Stenosis Rumination Syndrome Short Bowel Disorders Small Bowel Atresia (Intestinal Atresia) Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) Stomach and Duodenal Ulcers (Peptic Ulcers) in Children TPN-Associated Cholestasis Ulcerative Colitis in Children Umbilical Hernia Vomiting (Chronic)

Airway Tumors Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear Anatomy of the Respiratory System in Children Ankyloglossia (Tongue Tie) Anotia Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood (BPVC) Breathing Problems Bronchiolitis and Lower Respiratory Infections in Children Bronchopulmonary Sequestration (BPS) Cauliflower Ears Choanal Atresia Chronic Otitis Media (COM) Complete Tracheal Rings Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) Constricted/Lop/Cup Ears Croup Cryptotia Cuts and Wounds of the External Ear Cystic Fibrosis Dermoid Cyst Deviated Septum in Children Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Dysphagia Ear Deformities Ear Hemangiomas Ear Injuries and Split Earlobes Ear Keloids Ear Tags Ear Tubes Earlobe Deformities Epiglottitis Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula (EA/TEF) Fetal Giant Neck Masses Foreign Bodies in the Ear, Nose, and Airway Foreign Bodies in the Nose Foreign Body Aspiration Glottic Stenosis Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) Laryngeal Atresia Laryngeal Trauma Laryngomalacia

Laryngotracheal Cleft (LTC) Mastoiditis Meniere’s Disease Microtia Myringoplasty Nasal Fracture Neck Masses Nosebleeds (Epistaxis) Obstructive Sleep Apnea Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear) Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection) Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) Pierre Robin Syndrome Plastic Bronchitis Preauricular Pits Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Protruding Ears Pyriform Aperture Stenosis Ranula Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Saccular Cysts Salivary Duct Stones Salivary Gland Tumors Stahl’s Ear Sternocleidomastoid Tumor of Infancy Stridor (Noisy Breathing) Subglottic Cysts Subglottic Hemangiomas Subglottic Stenosis Teratomas of the Head and Neck Tongue-based Obstruction Tracheal Stenosis Vallecular Cysts Vertigo (dizziness) Vestibular Migraine Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis Vocal Cord Cysts Vocal Cord Nodules Vocal Cord Paralysis Vocal Cord Polyps

Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease) Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Atypical Diabetes Central Nervous System (CNS) Germ Cell Tumors Childhood Craniopharyngioma Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Congenital Hyperinsulinism Cushing’s Syndrome Cystic Fibrosis-related Diabetes Diabetes Insipidus in Children Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Ectopic Posterior Pituitary Empty Sella Syndrome Graves’ Disease Hyperparathyroidism in children Hyperthyroidism Hypogonadism Hypoparathyroidism in children Hypopituitarism in Children Hypothalamic Hamartoma Hypothyroidism in Children Kallmann Syndrome

Klinefelter Syndrome Lipodystrophy Medullary Thyroid Cancer Morquio syndrome Panhypopituitarism in Children Pituitary Cysts Pituitary Tumors (Adenomas) in Children Postpartum Thyroiditis Pre-Diabetes and Insulin Resistance Precocious Puberty (Early Puberty) Prolactinoma Secondary or Tertiary Adrenal Insufficiency (Central Adrenal Insufficiency) Septo-Optic Dysplasia Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) Thyroid Cancer in Children Thyroid Disease in Children Thyroid Eye Disease Thyroid Nodules Turner Syndrome Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes

Age-Appropriate Vision Milestones Amblyopia (Lazy Eye) Anatomy of the Eye Blepharitis Blocked Tear Duct (Dacryostenosis) Bruising or Black Eye (Ecchymosis) Cataracts in Children Chalazion Chemical Burns of the Eye Childhood Glaucoma Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) Corneal Abrasions Crossed-Eyes (Strabismus) Eye Examinations and Visual Screening Eye Prophylaxis/Vitamin K Injection Eyeglasses and Contact Lenses

Eyelid Lacerations Foreign Bodies in the Eye Functional Vision Keratitis Myasthenia Gravis Normal Vision Optic Neuritis Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome (PTCS) Refractive Errors in Children Retinoblastoma (Eye Cancer in Children) Retinopathy of Prematurity Signs and Symptoms of Potential Eye Problems Stye (Hordeolum) Thyroid Eye Disease Types of Visual Screening Tests for Infants and Children Uveitis

Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Amniocentesis Amniotic Fluid Problems/Hydramnios/Oligohydramnios Biophysical Profile (BPP) Bleeding in Pregnancy/Placenta Previa/Placental Abruption Blood Circulation in the Fetus and Newborn Blood Types in Pregnancy CCAM/CPAM: Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (Pulmonary Airway Malformation) Calculating a Due Date Care and Management of Multiple Pregnancy Chorionic Villus Sampling Chronic Hypertension Common Discomforts During Pregnancy Complications of Multiple Pregnancy Complications of Pregnancy Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) Conjoined Twins Diabetes and Pregnancy Doppler Flow Studies Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Blood Sampling Fetal Circulation Fetal Giant Neck Masses Fetal Movement Counting Fetal Pleural Effusion First Trimester Gastroschisis Gestational Assessment Gestational Hypertension Group B Streptococcus Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Hydrocephalus Illegal Drug Use and Pregnancy Infant of Diabetic Mother Large for Gestational Age (LGA) Laryngeal Atresia Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO) Migraine Headaches During Pregnancy Miscarriage Omphalocele Phenytoin (Dilantin) Post-Term Pregnancy Postmaturity Postpartum Hemorrhage Postpartum Thyroiditis Pregnancy Over Age 30 Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)/Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) Prematurity Preterm Labor Rh Disease Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (SCT) Second Trimester Prenatal Screening Tests Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction (sIUGR) Skeletal Dysplasias Small for Gestational Age Spina bifida causes, symptoms and treatment Stillbirth Symptoms and Diagnosis of Multiple Pregnancy Twin Anemia Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS) Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence (TRAP Sequence) Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) Urinary Tract and Kidney Infections during Pregnancy

22q11.2 Deletion and Duplication Syndromes 4H Leukodystrophy Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome (AGS) Alexander Disease Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Apert Syndrome Ataxia-Telangiectasia Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Binder Syndrome Bronchopulmonary Sequestration (BPS) Chorionic Villus Sampling Cleft Lip and Palate Congenital Limb Defects Conjoined Twins Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Crouzon Syndrome Cystic Fibrosis DICER1 Syndrome Encephalocele Epidermolysis Bullosa Foot, ankle and toe conditions Friedreich's Ataxia Gastroschisis Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI) Goldenhar syndrome Growth Hormone Deficiency Growth Problems Hereditary Neuroblastoma Hereditary Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma Syndrome Hybrid Lesions Hydrocephalus Hypomyelination with Atrophy of the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum (H-ABC) Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease Leukodystrophy Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO) Macrodactyly Mitochondrial Depletion Syndrome Mitochondrial Disease Mitochondrial Inheritance: Leber's Optic Atrophy Mosaic Down Syndrome Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 1 (MPS 1) Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II (MPS II)

Muenke Syndrome Multifactorial Inheritance and Birth Defects Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 Muscular Dystrophy Neurofibromatosis type 1 Neurofibromatosis type 2 Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Newborn Screening Tests Noonan Syndrome Numerical Abnormalities: Overview of Trisomies and Monosomies Omphalocele Opitz Syndrome Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Children PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome Pallister-Killian Syndrome Parry-Romberg Syndrome Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) Pfeiffer Syndrome Pierre Robin Syndrome Retinoblastoma (Eye Cancer in Children) Rhabdoid Tumor Predisposition Syndrome Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction (sIUGR) Shwachman Diamond Syndrome Skraban-Deardorff Syndrome Spina bifida causes, symptoms and treatment Stickler Syndrome Structural Abnormalities: Deletions (Cri du Chat) and Duplications (Pallister Killian) Symbrachydactyly TBCK Syndrome Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome Translocation Down Syndrome Treacher Collins Syndrome Trinucleotide Repeats: Fragile X Syndrome Trisomy 18 and 13 Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) Turner Syndrome Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence (TRAP Sequence) Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) Van der Woude Syndrome Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome WT1-Related Wilms Tumor (WT) Syndromes X-linked Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

Age-Appropriate Speech and Hearing Milestones Age-Appropriate Vision Milestones All About the Immune System Anatomy and Development of the Mouth and Teeth Anatomy of a Child's Brain Anatomy of the Endocrine System in Children Anatomy of the Respiratory System in Children Anencephaly Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Autism Spectrum Disorder Breast Conditions Breast Self-Examination Childhood Immunizations Cognitive Development Delayed Puberty Dysphagia Failure to Thrive First Trimester Fluoride and Children General Principles of Discipline Gestational Hypertension Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty Growth Hormone Deficiency Growth in Children Hearing Loss in Children Infant Nutrition Learning Disorders Low Birthweight Macrodactyly Malnutrition

Mastalgia (Breast Pain) Measurements for Newborns Newborn Crying Normal Breast Development Normal Growth Precocious Puberty (Early Puberty) Puberty: Adolescent Female Puberty: Adolescent Male Rett Syndrome School-Aged Child Nutrition Signs of Problems in Speech, Language, and Hearing Development Slow or Poor Infant Weight Gain Stages of Play Symbrachydactyly Teething The Growing Child: 1 to 3 Months The Growing Child: 1-Year-Olds The Growing Child: 10 to 12 Months The Growing Child: 2-Year-Olds The Growing Child: 4 to 6 Months The Growing Child: 7 to 9 Months The Growing Child: Adolescent (13 to 18 Years) The Growing Child: Preschool (4 to 5 Years) The Growing Child: School-Age (6 to 12 Years) The Human Genome Project Thumb Sucking Very Low Birthweight Weight Management and Adolescents Wisdom Teeth Extraction in Children

Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery (AAOCA) Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery Aortic Regurgitation Aortic Stenosis Atrial Septal Defect Atrioventricular Canal (AVC) Defects Bacterial Endocarditis Cardiac Arrhythmia Cardiomyopathy Chest Pain in Children and Teenagers Chylous Pericardium (Chylopericardium) Coarctation of the Aorta Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) in Children Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries Double Outlet Right Ventricle Dyslipidemia Ebstein’s Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve Emotional and Family Issues in Children with Heart Disease Fainting (Syncope) Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI) Goldenhar syndrome Heart Block Heart Failure in Children Heart Murmur in Children Heart Palpitations Heart Tumors

Heart-Healthy Eating Heterotaxy Syndrome (Isomerism) Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) Interruption of the Aortic Arch Kawasaki Disease Long QT Syndrome Mitral Valve Defects Myocarditis Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Pericarditis in Children Pulmonary Atresia Pulmonary Hypertension in Children Pulmonary Regurgitation Pulmonary Stenosis Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease Single Ventricle Heart Defects Sudden Cardiac Arrest Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) in Children Symptoms that Might Indicate a Heart Problem Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) Transposition of the Great Arteries Tricuspid Atresia Truncus Arteriosus Vascular Ring Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

All About the Immune System Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) Castleman Disease Chronic Granulomatous Disease Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) Evans Syndrome Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Hypocalcemia

Linear Scleroderma Myasthenia Gravis Neuromyelitis Optica Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome (OMAS) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Uveitis Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) X-linked Agammaglobulinemia

Adenovirus Infections Bacterial Endocarditis Candidiasis (Yeast Infection) in Children Cat Scratch Disease in Children Cellulitis in Children Chlamydia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Encephalitis in Children Fifth Disease Genital Herpes Gonorrhea Group B Streptococcus HIV Home Care HIV/AIDS Haemophilus Influenzae Infections Handwashing Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs)

Lyme Disease in Children Measles (Rubeola) Meningococcal Infections Molluscum Contagiosum Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Mumps Neck Abscess Orthopox (Monkeypox) Osteomyelitis in children Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Poliomyelitis (Polio) in Children Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) Rabies in Children Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Children Rotavirus Infections Sepsis Septic Arthritis Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Tetanus in Children Tinea Versicolor in Children Trichomoniasis Tuberculosis (TB) in Children Warts West Nile Virus in Children

ACL tear and injury in children and teens Abrasions Anterior knee pain in children and teens Birth Injury Brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries Bruising or Black Eye (Ecchymosis) Burns in Children Chemical Burns of the Eye Concussion Corneal Abrasions Cuts and Wounds of the External Ear Cuts and Wounds of the Mouth and Lips Cuts and Wounds of the Nose Dislocations Electrical Burns Eyelid Lacerations Foreign Bodies in the Ear, Nose, and Airway

Foreign Bodies in the Eye Growth plate injuries Home Wound Care Injuries to the Teeth Lacerations With Stitches Lacerations Without Stitches Meniscus tear in children and teens (knee injuries) Os trigonum syndrome in children and teens Overuse injuries Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) Puncture Wounds Second-Degree Burns (Partial Thickness Burns) Small Cuts and Scrapes Sprains and Strains in Children Stress Fractures in Children and Teens Third-Degree Burns Treatment for Dog and Cat Bites and Scratches

Ambiguous Genitalia Bedwetting (Nocturnal Enuresis) Bladder Exstrophy Care of the Uncircumcised Penis Cloacal Exstrophy Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Daytime Wetting (Urinary Incontinence) Duplex Kidney Ectopic Ureter Epididymal Cyst and Spermatocele Epididymitis Epispadias Glomerulonephritis in Children Hematuria Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children Horseshoe Kidney Hydrocele Hydrocele and Hernia Hydronephrosis/Urinary Tract Dilation Hypospadias Inguinal Hernia Kidney Stones in Children Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO) Meatal Stenosis Megaureter Micropenis Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

Nephrotic Syndrome in Children Neurogenic Bladder Nutrition and Nephrotic Syndrome Penile Adhesions Phimosis Polycystic Kidney Disease Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV) Prune Belly Syndrome Renal Failure in Children Retractile Testicles Rhabdomyosarcoma Testicular Torsion Torsion of the Appendix Testis and Appendix Epididymis Undescended Testes Ureterocele Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) Obstruction Ureterovesical Junction (UVJ) Obstruction Urethral Prolapse Urethral Stricture Urethrorrhagia Urinary Frequency Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Urinary Tract and Kidney Infections during Pregnancy Varicocele Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) Wilms Tumor (Kidney Tumor)

Acute Liver Failure Alagille Syndrome Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Autoimmune Hepatitis Biliary Atresia Choledochal Cysts and other Biliary Malformations Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease Drug-Induced Liver Disease Genetic/Metabolic Diseases of the Liver Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatoblastoma (liver cancer) Hyperbilirubinemia and Jaundice Liver Tumors Lymphadenopathy Lymphatic Malformations Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steototic Liver Disease (MASLD) Mitochondrial Hepatopathies Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (PFIC) Shwachman Diamond Syndrome

Breast and Chest Wall Disorders Bronchopulmonary Sequestration (BPS) CCAM/CPAM: Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (Pulmonary Airway Malformation) Children’s Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease Chylothorax Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) Cystic Fibrosis Fetal Pleural Effusion Hybrid Lesions Infant Chronic Lung Disease Kyphosis Pectus Carinatum

Pectus Excavatum Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Pulmonary Hypoplasia Respiratory Distress Syndrome Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Signs of Respiratory Distress in Children Spontaneous Pneumothorax The Respiratory System in Babies Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome Tracheomalacia Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

Ascites (Chylous Ascites) Chylothorax Chylous Pericardium (Chylopericardium) Chyluria Kaposiform Lymphangiomatosis (KLA)

Noonan Syndrome Plastic Bronchitis Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE) The Lymphatic System

ACL tear and injury in children and teens Acetabular Dysplasia Achondroplasia Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Children Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome (AMPS) Aneurysmal bone cyst Anterior knee pain in children and teens Avascular necrosis Back pain in children and adolescents Bone metastasis Branchial Cleft Abnormalities Broken Forearm C1 atlas spine injury C2 axis spine injury Calcaneovalgus Foot Camptodactyly Cavus Foot Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy foot disorders Cerebral palsy gait disorders Cerebral palsy hip disorders Cerebral palsy spinal disorders Chondroblastoma Chondromyxoid fibroma Chondrosarcoma Clinodactyly Congenital Muscular Torticollis Congenital Short Femur Congenital scoliosis Congenital vertical talus Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia Desmoid tumors Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) Diastrophic dysplasia Dislocations Early-onset scoliosis Enchondroma Ewing sarcoma Femoral anteversion Femoroacetabular impingement (hip impingement) Fibrous dysplasia Flat Feet Foot, ankle and toe conditions Friedreich's Ataxia Genetic cervical spine conditions Giant cell tumor of bone Goldenhar syndrome Growth Problems Growth plate injuries Hand fracture Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Hip cartilage tear (labral tear) Idiopathic scoliosis Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Juvenile Osteoporosis Klippel-Feil syndrome Kniest dysplasia

Kyphosis Langerhans cell histiocytosis Larsen syndrome Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease Limb-length discrepancy Lordosis Lower cervical spine injuries: C3-C7 Lyme Disease in Children Macrodactyly Meniscus tear in children and teens (knee injuries) Metatarsus Adductus Morquio syndrome Muscular Dystrophy Neuromuscular scoliosis Nonossifying fibroma Nursemaid's Elbow Oromandibular Limb Hypoplasia Os trigonum syndrome in children and teens Osteoblastoma Osteochondritis dissecans Osteochondroma Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Children Osteoid osteoma Osteomyelitis in children Osteosarcoma (bone cancer in children) Overuse injuries Pediatric Lupus Periosteal chondroma Proximal femoral focal deficiency Pseudoachondroplasia Psoriatic Arthritis in Children Raynaud’s Rhabdomyosarcoma SCN2A-Related Disorders Septic Arthritis Sequelae (Consequence) of Pediatric Hip Disease Sever's disease (calcaneal apophysitis) Skeletal Dysplasias Snapping hip syndrome in children and teens Soft tissue sarcomas Spasticity Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Spinal deformities Spondyloarthritides Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita Stress Fractures in Children and Teens Symbrachydactyly Syndactyly Tarsal Coalition Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome Thoracic, Lumbar and Sacral Spine Injuries Thumb Duplication Thumb Hypoplasia Tibial Torsion Trauma-related Spine Conditions Unicameral Bone Cyst Wrist Fracture

Airway Tumors Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear Anatomy of the Respiratory System in Children Ankyloglossia (Tongue Tie) Anotia Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood (BPVC) Breathing Problems Bronchiolitis and Lower Respiratory Infections in Children Bronchopulmonary Sequestration (BPS) Cauliflower Ears Choanal Atresia Chronic Otitis Media (COM) Complete Tracheal Rings Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) Constricted/Lop/Cup Ears Croup Cryptotia Cuts and Wounds of the External Ear Cystic Fibrosis Dermoid Cyst Deviated Septum in Children Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Dysphagia Ear Deformities Ear Hemangiomas Ear Injuries and Split Earlobes Ear Keloids Ear Tags Ear Tubes Earlobe Deformities Epiglottitis Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula (EA/TEF) Fetal Giant Neck Masses Foreign Bodies in the Ear, Nose, and Airway Foreign Bodies in the Nose Foreign Body Aspiration Glottic Stenosis Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) Laryngeal Atresia Laryngeal Trauma Laryngomalacia

Laryngotracheal Cleft (LTC) Mastoiditis Meniere’s Disease Microtia Myringoplasty Nasal Fracture Neck Masses Nosebleeds (Epistaxis) Obstructive Sleep Apnea Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear) Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection) Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) Pierre Robin Syndrome Plastic Bronchitis Preauricular Pits Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Protruding Ears Pyriform Aperture Stenosis Ranula Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Saccular Cysts Salivary Duct Stones Salivary Gland Tumors Stahl’s Ear Sternocleidomastoid Tumor of Infancy Stridor (Noisy Breathing) Subglottic Cysts Subglottic Hemangiomas Subglottic Stenosis Teratomas of the Head and Neck Tongue-based Obstruction Tracheal Stenosis Vallecular Cysts Vertigo (dizziness) Vestibular Migraine Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis Vocal Cord Cysts Vocal Cord Nodules Vocal Cord Paralysis Vocal Cord Polyps

Ambiguous Genitalia Anatomy of the Female Pelvic Area Candidiasis (Yeast Infection) in Children Care of the Uncircumcised Penis Chlamydia Common Menstrual Complaints Delayed Puberty Dysmenorrhea Epididymal Cyst and Spermatocele Epididymitis Genital Herpes Gonorrhea Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia) Hydrocele Hydrocele and Hernia Kallmann Syndrome

Labial Adhesions Labor Micropenis Overview of the Male Anatomy Penile Adhesions Phimosis Precocious Puberty (Early Puberty) Puberty: Adolescent Female Puberty: Adolescent Male Retractile Testicles Testicular Torsion Torsion of the Appendix Testis and Appendix Epididymis Trichomoniasis Undescended Testes Urinary Tract and Kidney Infections during Pregnancy Varicocele

Abrasions Acne in Children Angioedema Angiofibromas Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) Birthmarks Burns in Children Capillary Vascular Malformations: Port Wine Stains Cat Scratch Disease in Children Cellulitis in Children Children and Folliculitis, Boils, and Carbuncles Complex Cutis Aplasia Congenital Nevus (Mole) Contact Dermatitis Dermoid Cyst Diaper Dermatitis (Diaper Rash) Drug Rashes in Children Epidermolysis Bullosa Fat Atrophy First-Degree Burns Glomuvenous Malformations Hemangiomas Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) Juvenile Dermatomyositis Molluscum Contagiosum Other Benign Skin Growths in Children Pilomatrixoma Pilonidal Cysts and Sinuses Pityriasis Rosea in Children Preventing Scars and Contractures after a Burn Psoriatic Arthritis in Children Seborrheic Dermatitis (Cradle Cap) Second-Degree Burns (Partial Thickness Burns) Skin Cancer in Children Skin Color Changes in Newborns Small Cuts and Scrapes Spider Angiomas Sunburn and Children Third-Degree Burns Tinea Infections (Ringworm) in Children Tinea Versicolor in Children Vascular Anomalies Vascular malformations Vasculitis Warts

Narcolepsy Nightmares and Night Terrors Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Parasomnia Tracheomalacia

Acute Liver Failure Alagille Syndrome Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Autoimmune Hepatitis Biliary Atresia Choledochal Cysts and other Biliary Malformations Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease Drug-Induced Liver Disease Genetic/Metabolic Diseases of the Liver Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatoblastoma (liver cancer) Hyperbilirubinemia and Jaundice Liver Tumors Lymphadenopathy Lymphatic Malformations Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steototic Liver Disease (MASLD) Mitochondrial Hepatopathies Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (PFIC) Shwachman Diamond Syndrome

Angiofibromas Arterial Aneurysms in Children and Teens Arteriovenous Malformations Capillary Vascular Malformations: Port Wine Stains Glomuvenous Malformations Hemangiomas Lymphatic Malformations Pediatric Renovascular Hypertension

Pyogenic Granulomas Spider Angiomas Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Children and Teens Vascular Anomalies Vascular malformations Vascular malformations: Combinations and syndromes Venous Malformations