In a world with ever-advancing technology, handwriting could easily be pushed aside as a less than-important skill, especially if it proves challenging to a child, as is often the case for children with trisomy 21. But technology can also help children gain fine motor skills and increase their independence.

Researchers at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia are studying lipids levels — such as cholesterol and triglycerides — on individuals with Down syndrome (trisomy 21). The Lipid Heart Clinic helps monitor patients who may be predisposed to early heart attack and stroke.

Helen Milligan, MPT, physical therapist with the Trisomy 21 Program, describes how to teach children with Down syndrome to walk up and down stairs, and how to overcome stair issues with school.

Life expectancy for a child with Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) has increased dramatically in the past 50 years as cardiac surgery and post-surgical care have improved. Today, clinicians have guidelines to help identify, understand and address relevant medical issues.

Refusal behaviors need to be interpreted differently in individuals with Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Often, these behaviors signal frustration or lack of understanding and can provide important clues about how to best assist the individual's development.