Miah is an active, energetic and talkative 7-year-old who doesn’t let anything get in her way.

“If I had to sum Miah up in one word,” says her mother Stephanie, “it would be determined!”

Today, Miah can do things her mother and father, Jeremiah, never would have dreamed possible — like run, ride horses and pedal dirt bikes — when they first learned she had myelomeningocele, the most common and severe form of spina bifida, just 18 weeks into their pregnancy with her.

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a birth defect in which part of the developing spine fails to close properly, leaving the spinal cord and surrounding nerves exposed to amniotic fluid through a hole in the back. This exposure causes damage that can result in a variety of issues, including bladder and bowel problems, paralysis, and weakness or loss of feeling below the location of the opening.

Termination was the first option presented to the couple by maternal-fetal medicine specialists (MFMs) at a hospital in Pittsburgh, not far from their home. When the couple asked what other options were available, the MFMs said they could perform prenatal surgery to repair the defect. But when Jeremiah asked how many such surgeries they had performed to date, the specialists said none, which didn’t give the couple a lot of confidence.

Finding the best options for Miah

Stephanie, a NICU nurse, reached out to a colleague in genetics, who recommended Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), which has extensive experience with prenatal diagnosis and treatment of spina bifida as well as a specialized Spina Bifida Program. After reviewing the CHOP website, they discovered the Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment (CFDT).

At the CFDT, Stephanie and Miah would have access to clinicians who pioneered the surgical procedure to repair MMC before birth. The CFDT team had been performing the procedure at CHOP since 1998 and had recently released a groundbreaking, seven-year study that showed that operating on a baby in the womb can produce better outcomes than traditional repair after birth. That research showed improved neurologic function and better chances of a child being able to walk independently. It was the experience Stephanie and Jeremiah were looking for.

“Establishing fetal surgery for spina bifida as a standard of care option was one of the most exciting developments in the history of the treatment for birth defects, and one that our CHOP team spent years helping to pioneer,” said N. Scott Adzick, MD, Surgeon-in-Chief at CHOP and Director of the Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment. Adzick was the lead author of the MOMS trial paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2011.

“Every video we watched and every story we read on the center’s webpage convinced us that going there and getting fetal surgery was Miah’s best shot,” says Stephanie.

Less than a week later, the couple and their 1-year-old son drove five hours to Philadelphia for a full-day evaluation and advanced diagnostic testing. A fetal MRI confirmed the presence of the Arnold-Chiari malformation, a potentially life-threatening condition in which the hindbrain descends into the upper portion of the spinal canal in the neck, making Miah a candidate for fetal surgery.

Trust your instincts

At 21 weeks' gestation, Stephanie underwent fetal surgery at the CFDT. After surgery, Stephanie stayed on modified bed rest at a local Ronald McDonald House for a month, with weekly check-ups at CHOP, and then headed home with her family to continue the pregnancy. But a few weeks after returning home, Stephanie started leaking fluid. Another fetal surgery mom she had met while at CHOP had been admitted to the hospital for leaking fluid, so Stephanie was concerned. But when she told her MFM in Pittsburgh, he downplayed it.

As a nurse, Stephanie had been taught the importance of advocating for patients. Now she found herself needing to advocate for her unborn child. After two weeks of leaking fluid, she took matters into her own hands, made an appointment at CHOP, and headed back to Philadelphia with her family.

The family settled into a hotel near Children’s Hospital with the plan being checkups once a week until Miah’s birth in CHOP’s Garbose Family Special Delivery Unit (SDU). But just one week later, in the midst of Hurricane Sandy, Stephanie’s water broke and Miah was born at 34 weeks.

"Babies with special needs require very specialized and experienced care, both before and after birth — and so do their mothers," said a maternal-fetal medicine specialist at CHOP. “Traditionally, these mothers will give birth in one hospital, and their newborn will be transferred to a pediatric hospital shortly after delivery. The SDU changed that by allowing for mother and baby to be simultaneously cared for at one institution by a team with great experience and expertise.”

Miah suffered severe jaundice due to an incompatibility with Stephanie’s blood type. But after 15 days in CHOP’s Newborn/Infant Intensive Care Unit, the jaundice cleared and the family was able to return home, now as a family of four.

A determined spirit

Miah has had some medical issues because of spina bifida. She uses a catheter due to repeat urinary tract infections, doesn’t have bladder and bowel function, and has had surgery for tethered cord and a shunt. Though she has minor developmental and cognitive delays, nothing stops her upbeat and inquisitive personality from shining through.

Now 7, Miah loves to run, dance and swim. She's an active little girl who loves chatting with friends, playing dress up, and going on adventures with her older brother, Elija, 9. She loves math and art and recess at school.

"Miah just started an equestrian academy course and she's already asking when she can get her own pet horse," Stephanie says, laughing. "There's no half-way with Miah."

Stephanie and Jeremiah credit the CHOP experts who performed the fetal surgery, which completely reversed the Arnold-Chiari malformation, for giving Miah the chance at the life she’s leading today.

More from Miah's Family

“We feel very blessed to have found CHOP,” says Stephanie. “Fetal surgery was life-changing for Miah. Her life would be completely different if it weren’t for the Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment.”

Miah is looking forward to second grade. Unfortunately, due to COVID-19, her schooling will need to be completed at home this year. "It's not what any of us want, but it's just safer for now," Stephanie says.

She and her husband are confident Miah's spirited determination will get her through any challenge she might face in the future.

“Too many parents choose termination because they are unaware of all their options,” says Stephanie. “Don’t be afraid to push for second opinions and the best possible care, even before your child is born.”

Originally published June 2016
Updated July 2020